The most promising innovation in satellite navigation is being introduced by BDS, Galileo, QZSS, or NavIC, with navigation message authentication offering a practical defense against spoofing attacks.

This is being achieved through authentication methods like Galileo’s Open Service-Navigation Message Authentication (OS-NMA) and the proliferation of correction services for high accuracy.

Galileo’s High Precision Service (HAS) is expected to bring this into the mainstream.