Europe, a densely populated continent, has significantly shaped its natural areas through human activities, particularly in the form of mature forests that are largely undisturbed but highly fragmented.

passive rewilding, which involves minimal human intervention, is crucial for these forests as they are crucial habitats for biodiversity and play a crucial role in carbon sequestration and climate regulation.

The continent’s landscapes have been significantly transformed by agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization, from the dense forests of Scandinavia to the open plains of Eastern Europe.